2010年12月3日 星期五

[Eng usage] in time vs. on time

From LONGMAN dictionary

In time:
a) before the time by which it is necessary for something to be done.
exp: Will you be able to finish it in time?
exp: just in time

On time: 
> at the correct time or the time that was arranged.
exp: Jack was worried about whether he'd be able to get there on time.

Actually, 'in time' has another meaning as b) as below:
b) after a certain period of time, especially after a gradual process of change and development
exp: He wants to see changes in the company and I am sure he will, in time.
I think in this situation, the 'in time' means '假以時日'.

2010年8月24日 星期二

"Style" by JM Williams: Lesson 4 Characters

1. 主要Chatacters要盡量為重要動作的主詞,且必須: 短、特定、具體
* Make the subjects of most of your verbs short, specific, and concrete - the main characters in your story. (p.55; Here's the point)

2. 主詞盡量是動作執行者 (flesh-and-blood people),但有時"人"並非文章的重點,此時可用 Norminalization形式的名詞作為主詞,但此norminalization必須是讀者熟悉的。 (p.58-59大意)
同時,若main characters已為 norminalization形式,應盡量避免使用其他norminalization。
* If you tell a story in which you make abstract nominalizations its main characters and subjects, use as few other norminalizations as you can. (p.73)

3. Use a passive if the agent of an action is self-evident

4. Use a passive if it lets you replace a long subject with a short one

5. Use a passive if it gives your readers a coherent sequence of subjects: 涉及lesson 5的段落coherence,使整個段落的topics一致

6. Use an active berb if it is a metadiscourse verb

7. When possible, rewrite long compound noun phrases

"Style" by JM Williams: Lesson 3 Action

Lesson 3 重點整理

英文句子有固定文法: Subject | Verb | (其他)
讓讀者易讀的原則:
1. Express important actions in verbs: 重要的"動作"盡量以動詞呈現,而不要以 nominalization形式呈現 (如-ing, -tion, -ment, -ence, -ry等)

2. Make the subjects of those verbs the characters associated with those actions: 執行"重要動作"的characters要當作句子的主詞 (可以是主要句子的主詞或是子句的主詞)
* Make main characters subjects

3. Nominalizations使用的時機:
(1) They refer to a previous sentence
(2) They replace an awkward The fact that
(3) They name what would be the object of a verb
(4) They name a concept so familiar to your readers that it is a virtual character

p.40-41: 修改步驟

2010年1月25日 星期一

Sherlock Holmes' London

A. Vocabulary
*interrogate: to ask Sb a lot of questions for a long time to obtain information
*abate: to become less strong
*replica: an exact copy of an Sth
* foremost: most important or best leading
*die-hard: Sb who has a very strong interest in a particular thing
*spin-off: a program or a product involving characters from a previous program or another product
*knockoff: a cheap copy of a popular product
* rip-off: Sth that is not worth what you pay for it

B.Phase
*for release
*be stocked with
*be tucked into
*take a walk
*make a copy of
*it's worthy taking on...
*it's a great way to...

C. Sentences
* The little things are infinitely the most important

2010年1月22日 星期五

Fairy tale

A.voiced consonants(v, d, b...) & unvoiced consonants (f, t, p...)
*bid v.s bit
*20 bugs on the street v.s 20 bucks on the street
*eyes v.s ices
*plan v.s plant
*sing v.s sink
*wild v.s white

B.Vocabulary
*ward: guardian
*lenient: going easy on Sb

C. Error correction
*It's the version without happy ending.
*It's different to..
→It's quiet different to... (stronger)
→It makes big difference to... (stronger)


2010年1月12日 星期二

Fairy tale

A. Sentence pattern
*be said to V
→Jim Carrey is said to be the main character of the latest film.
→Jim Carrey was said to be the main character of the latest film, but...
→My proposal is said to be held in Feb. (formal)
→My supervisor is said to be very tough but supportive
→My supervisor is said to be the chair of the department
* It's said that S V
→It's said that my proposal will be held in Feb.

B.Phrase
*bring/ call Sth to mind
→The view from the moutain brought that he said to me to mind.
*take one's fame from
→Albert Einstein took his fame from the theory of relativity
→Karine takes her good reputation from her diligence

C. Error correction
*Mt. 劍潭
*基隆 River